The Extraction of Essential Oil from Piper Cubeba by Using Solvent Free Microwave Extraction Method

Norma Eralita,Siti Khuzaimah

doi:10.24036/eksakta/vol21-iss2/239

Norma Eralita, Siti Khuzaimah

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol21-iss2/239

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Abstract

This research aims to study the production of essential oil from Piper Cubeba using the solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) method. Before extraction, the raw materials are prepared in the form of grains and powders to vary the size of the raw materials. Time variation was carried out at microwave power 180 Watt Analyses were then performed on the resulting essential oil using both physical and chemical tests of density and solubility with 96% alcohol. Analyses of chemical compounds within the essential oil were then performed using the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the production of essential oil from Piper Cubeba using the SFME method was affected by microwave power, grain size, and treatment duration. Results from physical and chemical analyses revealed that the resulting cubeb oil has 0.86 g/mL density, which means that essential oil produced using the SFME method is lighter compared than those produced using MAHD methods. Results from GC-MS analyses showed eight components detected from the production of essential oil from Piper cubeba using the SFMEmethod; Copaene (39.28%), Cubebene (23.83%), Isoledene (11.66%), Naphthalene (6.65%), Phellandrene (5.81%), Asarone (5.71%), Cadidene (4.90%), and Caryophyllene (2.16%) which contents belong to the sesquiterpene group

Highlights

Essential oil is one of Indonesia non-oil and gas export commodities that have been cultivated since before World War II
It was found that the production of essential oil from Piper Cubeba using the solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) method was affected by microwave power, grain size, and treatment duration
Results from physical and chemical analyses revealed that the resulting cubeb oil has 0.86 g/mL density, which means that essential oil produced using the SFME method is lighter compared than those produced using Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) methods

Summary

Introduction

Essential oil is one of Indonesia non-oil and gas export commodities that have been cultivated since before World War II. Of the 150 types of essential oils traded on the international market, 40 of them can be produced in Indonesia, but only a few are used commercially and which meet export quality standards, only 12 are available, such as cinnamon oil, vetiver oil, sandalwood oil, oil. Data from industry records that even though Indonesia is the world's largest producer of essential oil [1]. Indonesia has great potential to have a large scale essential oil industry. The chemical compounds responsible for fragrance in Piper cubeba include cubebene, dipentene, cadinene, and chamfer [6]

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