Abstract
Background: Cachexia induced by cancer is a systemic wasting syndrome and it accompanies continuous body weight loss with the exhaustion of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Cancer cachexia is not only a problem in itself, but it also reduces the effectiveness of treatments and deteriorates quality of life. However, effective treatments have not been found yet. Although Arctii Fructus (AF) has been studied about several pharmacological effects, there were no reports on its use in cancer cachexia. Methods: To induce cancer cachexia in mice, we inoculated CT-26 cells to BALB/c mice through subcutaneous injection and intraperitoneal injection. To mimic cancer cachexia in vitro, we used conditioned media (CM), which was CT-26 colon cancer cells cultured medium. Results: In in vivo experiments, AF suppressed expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and atrophy of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. As a result, the administration of AF decreased mortality by preventing weight loss. In adipose tissue, AF decreased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) by restoring AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. In in vitro model, CM increased muscle degradation factors and decreased adipocytes differentiation factors. However, these tendencies were ameliorated by AF treatment in C2C12 myoblasts and 3T3-L1 cells. Conclusion: Taken together, our study demonstrated that AF could be a therapeutic supplement for patients suffering from cancer cachexia.
Highlights
Cancer-induced cachexia is a wasting syndrome related to various cancers, affecting body weight with loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue [1]
It improved the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by cachexia (Table 2). These results indicated that Water extract of AF (WAF) and extract of AF (EtAF) suppressed weight loss by regulating systemic inflammation without additional nutrition
Our results proved that the increased weight of muscle and adipose tissue by the administration of WAF and EtAF lowered mortality by inhibiting cachexia symptoms
Summary
Cancer-induced cachexia is a wasting syndrome related to various cancers, affecting body weight with loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue [1]. Because of these symptoms, patients who suffer from cachexia experience anorexia, fatigue, anemia, and edema [2]. Patients who suffer from cachexia experience anorexia, fatigue, anemia, and edema [2] These symptoms reduce cancer patients’ quality of life and reduce the efficiency of therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy [3]. Cachexia induced by cancer is a systemic wasting syndrome and it accompanies continuous body weight loss with the exhaustion of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Arctii Fructus (AF) has been studied about several pharmacological effects, there were no reports on its use in cancer cachexia
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