Abstract
The peritoneum is a relatively common site for the metastasis of cancers that develop near the peritoneal cavity, such as gastric cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), ovarian cancer, and low-grade appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma (LAMN). Peritoneal metastasis (PM) results from direct implantation and growth or microvascular metastasis of cancer cells to the peritoneum and is often associated with a poor prognosis. The biological features of peritoneal metastatic tumours are significantly altered, and the tumour microenvironment (TME) is profoundly abnormal. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a highly dynamic part of the TME, exhibits unique biological properties and influences tumour cells (TCs) behaviour and invasion. In this review, I focus on the hallmarks of cancer; the biology of CRC, PM from CRC, LAMN and pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP, resulting from the intraperitoneal spread of LAMN); and the structural features of the cancer ECM and mucus and their roles in tumour growth, TCs invasion and drug resistance. The study of the ECM has led to a deeper understanding of peritoneal metastatic tumours and provides new insights for developing new biomarkers and targeted drugs.
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