Abstract
The aim of this study is to outline the process of the extinction of Ukrainian culture in south-eastern Poland as a result of Polish resettlement actions and the activities of the Ukrainian underground movement (i.e., the Ukrainian Insurgent Army) in the post-war period (1944–1947). Concurrently, the study offers an analysis of the image of the “Ukrainian Banderite”, created by propaganda in Polish and Czechoslovak literature, journalism, and cinematography in the period from the mid-1940s to the end of the 1980s. The authors state that both in Poland and in Czechoslovakia the analysed topic has been subject to certain cyclical waves of interest, or current political demand or usefulness, but always according to an established and politically accepted template. The black-and-white reception of the issue, propaganda fictions, the concealment of facts, and the disproportionate highlighting of others, which were applied in the literary and film production of the real-socialist period, only distorted the historical objectivity of the issue and created a complicated stereotype in the collective memory.
Highlights
The extinction of the Ukrainian culture of the Polish-Ukrainian-Slovak borderland and the image of the “Ukrainian Banderite” in Polish and Czechoslovak literature, journalism, and cinematography, mid-1940s– 1980s The aim of this study is to outline the process of the extinction of Ukrainian culture in south-eastern Poland as a result of Polish resettlement actions and the activities of the Ukrainian underground movement in the post-war period (1944–1947)
The study offers an analysis of the image of the “Ukrainian Banderite”, created by propaganda in Polish and Czechoslovak literature, journalism, and cinematography in the period from the mid-1940s to the end of the 1980s
The images of the Ukraińska Powstańcza Armia (UPA) as “Ukrainian Banderite” as created in the communist propaganda of Poland and Czechoslovakia were almost identical, and their propaganda mechanisms worked on the same principle
Summary
A few kilometres from the Slovak border on the territory of adjacent Poland (northeast of the Dukla Pass, or east of Barwinek) is the unique open-air Museum of the Lemko Culture in Zyndranowa. In the far and wide surroundings there is no longer the continuous Lemko (Ukrainian) settlement which once existed here. The Lemkos (an ethnographic sub-group of the Ukrainians in Poland) were to share the fate of the broader Ukrainian minority in Poland—deportation. Taking place in the first years after World War II as a result of Polish-Ukrainian antagonism and the desire to establish an ethnically homogeneous Polish state without national minorities, in the case of the Lemkos this displacement was from their home region of Lemkivshchyna in south-eastern Poland to the territory of Ukraine and northern and western Poland
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