The Expression of Th1‐ and Th2‐Related Chemokine Receptors in Women with Recurrent Miscarriage: the Impact of Lymphocyte Immunotherapy

Abstract

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses prior to the 20th week of gestation. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of T helper (Th)1- and Th2-related chemokine receptors on CD4(+) T helper and CD8(+) T cytotoxic (Tc) cells in RM and control subjects. The effects of lymphocyte immunotherapy on the balance of Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 chemokine receptors were further evaluated in RM women. The expression of Th1-related (CCR5 and CXCR3) and Th2-related (CCR3 and CCR4) chemokine receptors on CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells from RM women were analyzed and compared with controls using flow cytometry. The expression of chemokine receptors in RM women was also compared before and after lymphocyte immunotherapy. The ratios of Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 chemokine receptors were higher in RM women compared to controls. The ratio of Th1/Th2 chemokine receptors was decreased in RM women after immunotherapy, while no significant change was identified in the Tc1/Tc2 after immunotherapy. This study indicates the Th1 dominant immune responses in circulation of RM women compared to controls. Moreover, lymphocyte immunotherapy might influence pregnancy outcome via a shift in the balance of the Th1/Th2 chemokine receptors.