Abstract
The role of prolactin (PRL) and its receptors in the initiation and development of benign breast tumors (BBT) has not been sufficiently studied. An imbalance in the system of hormone homeostasis is crucial in the development of BBT. In particular, an association between elevated prolactin levels and the development of BBT has been reported. Our study showed no significant differences between PRL receptor (PRL-R) expression in BBT tissue under normal and elevated serum PRL levels. There was also no significant correlation between age, PRL-R expression in BBT tissue, intact tissue, and PRL level in the serum. There was a strong significant correlation (p < 0.01; r = 0.92) between PRL-R expression in BBT samples and intact breast tissue, which did not depend on the serum PRL level. There was also no significant difference in the expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67 in BBT tissues from women with normal and elevated levels of serum PRL (p > 0.05). No signs of PRL and its receptors were detected in the BBT cystic fluid women with elevated serum PRL levels. In summary, our prospective study showed that the expression of PRL-R in the tissue of BBT and physiological breast tissue does not depend on the level of serum PRL.
Highlights
The development of the breast is related to the regulation of hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and growth factors
We found no significant difference between the expression of prolactin receptors (PRL-R) in samples of benign breast tumors (BBT) from patients normaldifference and elevated levels of PRL
Our study shows no significant difference between PRL-R expression in BBT tissue
Summary
The development of the breast is related to the regulation of hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and growth factors. An imbalance in the system of hormone homeostasis is crucial in the development of its pathology [1,2]. It was shown that secretion of prolactin occurs outside the pituitary gland, namely by the endometrium, lymphocytes, decidual membrane, breast, and prostate. In these organs, PRL has cytokine-like properties, binds to PRL-R on the cell surface and cytoplasm, and activates the signaling pathways Jak2/Stat and Map Kinase [4,5]. There are physiological and pathological reasons for increased PRL levels in blood
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