Abstract
BackgroundThe most common reason for malignant tumor treatment failure is recurrence and metastasis. Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) was originally identified as a metastatic and prognostic biomarker for colon cancer and later other solid tumors. Kangai 1 (KAI1), a marker of suppressor of metastasis, is also associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in many tumors. However, the prognostic value of either MACC1 or KAI1 in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is unclear. In this study, we explored the relationship between MACC1 and KAI1 expression, as well as their respective correlation with clinicopathological features, to determine if either could be helpful for improvement of survival prognosis in GAC patients.MethodsThe expression levels of both MACC1 and KAI1 in 325 whole-tissue sections of GAC were examined by immunohistochemistry. Clinical data was also collected.ResultsMACC1 was significantly overexpressed in GAC tissues when compared to levels in normal gastric tissues; KAI1 was significantly down-expressed in GAC tissues when compared to levels in normal gastric tissues. Investigation of association between MACC1 and KAI1 protein levels with clinicopathological parameters of GAC indicated association between the expression of each with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, invasive depth, and TNM stages. The overall survival time of patients with MACC1- or KAI1-positive GAC tumors was significantly shorter or longer than that of those who were negative. Importantly, multivariate analysis suggested that positive expression of either MACC1 or KAI1, as well as TNM stage, could be independent prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with GAC.ConclusionsMACC1 and KAI1 may represent promising metastatic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets, for GAC.
Highlights
The most common reason for malignant tumor treatment failure is recurrence and metastasis
We found that Kangai 1 (KAI1) expression was significantly related to tumor grade, invasion of depth, lymph node metastasis (LNM), and TNM stage
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) patients with positive KAI1 expression had significantly increased survival time compared to those with negative KAI1. These results indicated that KAI1 should play a key role in tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of GAC
Summary
The most common reason for malignant tumor treatment failure is recurrence and metastasis. Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) was originally identified as a metastatic and prognostic biomarker for colon cancer and later other solid tumors. The prognostic value of either MACC1 or KAI1 in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is unclear. We explored the relationship between MACC1 and KAI1 expression, as well as their respective correlation with clinicopathological features, to determine if either could be helpful for improvement of survival prognosis in GAC patients. There were approximately 950,000 new stomach cancer cases and 720,000 deaths that occurred in 2012 worldwide [1]. Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) accounts for approximately 90 % of all diagnosed stomach cancers. It was one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related deaths. In China, the majority of patients diagnosed with GAC have advanced stages of disease and are unsuitable for curative surgery
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