The Expression of Allele Changes in NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) Gene Polymorphisms in Periodontitis and Coronary Artery Disease.

Jaideep Mahendra,Mohammed E Sayed,Raghunathan Jagannathan,Reji Mathew,Sruthi Srinivasan,Thodur Madapusi Balaji,Hosam Ali Baeshen,Saranya Varadarajan,Little Mahendra,Maryam H Mugri,Abirami Nayaki Rao,Shankargouda Patil

doi:10.3390/ma14175103

Abstract

Background: Inflammasomes have been shown to play a pivotal role in periodontal disease pathogenesis. However, their role in periodontitis subjects with coronary heart disease remains unclear. This study aimed to obtain the expression of NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) gene polymorphisms in the subgingival plaque and blood samples of generalized periodontitis (GP) subjects with and without coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: A total of 70 subjects were grouped into two; GP and GP with CHD. Demographic variables and periodontal and cardiac parameters were recorded from both the groups. Subgingival plaque and blood samples were obtained from both the groups and were further subjected to the identification of NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) expression and allele change using a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing (Sanger’s method). Results: Amongst the demographic variables, age and monthly income were statistically significant between the two groups. Plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density-lipoprotein (LDL) exhibited statistically significant levels between the two groups. The NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) genes showed a statistically significant association with allele change (frequency) among the groups. The general comparison of all the parameters with the allele change of NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) in the subgingival plaque and blood samples showed statistically significant associations among the two groups. Conclusion: The present study highlighted an allele change in IL-1β (+3954) gene polymorphisms which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and coronary heart disease.

Highlights

Periodontitis is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory disease caused by bacteria that destroy the tooth’s supporting structure
Group compared to the generalized periodontitis (GP) group (Table 2). Both the inflammasomes were statistically significant in the subgingival plaque and blood samples (Table 2)
From a comparison of the demographic, periodontal, and cardiac parameters with the allele change of IL-1β (+3954) in both the subgingival plaque and blood samples, the results showed a statistically significant association with age (p-value 0.001), clinical attachment level (CAL) (p-value 0.01), diastolic blood pressure, and bleeding on probing

Summary

Introduction

Periodontitis is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory disease caused by bacteria that destroy the tooth’s supporting structure. Since ancient times, it has been one of the most common diseases afflicting mankind. It has been one of the most common diseases afflicting mankind It is caused by a mismatch between the number of pathogenic microbes in the subgingival environment and the host’s immune response. It has been shown that a dysbiotic bacterial culture is to blame for the periodontal tissue damage by perpetuating inflammation in the soft tissues surrounding the tooth [2] This dysbiotic flora regulates the host’s immune responses, which are heavily affected by the individual’s genotype. Subgingival plaque and blood samples were obtained from both the groups and were further subjected to the identification of NLRP3 (rs35829419)

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