Abstract
It is commonly thought that the Michelson-Morley experiment from 1887 and Kennedy-Thorndike experiment from 1932 demonstrated that the universal frame of reference (ether) does not exist and that the velocity of light in vacuum is absolutely constant. The analysis of this experiment led to the creation of the Special Theory of Relativity (STR). The article explains why Michelson-Morley and Kennedy-Thorndike experiments could not detect the universal frame of reference. In this article, a different transformation of time and position than the Lorentz transformation is derived on the basis of the geometric analysis of the Michelson-Morley and Kennedy-Thorndike experiments. The transformation is derived based on the assumption that the universal frame of reference (UFR) exists. UFR is a frame of reference in which the velocity of light is constant in every direction. In inertial frames of reference moving in the UFR, the velocity of light may be different. The article has derived the formula for relative speed and patterns for the maximum and minimum speed of light that can be measured in the inertial system. Finally, the anisotropy of the microwave background radiation has been explained by using the presented theory. According to the body kinematics model presented in this article, anisotropy of cosmic microwave background is the Doppler effect for observer moving in the UFR.
Highlights
The article an explanation of the results of the Michelson-Morley [1] and Kennedy-Thorndike [2] experiments, assuming the existence of the universal frame of reference (UFR), in which the velocity of light is constant, is presented
The article explains why Michelson-Morley and Kennedy-Thorndike experiments could not detect the universal frame of reference
According to the body kinematics model presented in this article, anisotropy of cosmic microwave background is the Doppler effect for observer moving in the UFR
Summary
The article an explanation of the results of the Michelson-Morley [1] and Kennedy-Thorndike [2] experiments, assuming the existence of the universal frame of reference (UFR), in which the velocity of light is constant, is presented. In all accurate laboratory experiments, as in the Michelson-Morley experiment, only the average velocity of light, travelling on a closed trajectory, was measured. The derivation presented in this article is based on the assumption resulting from these experiments, that is for every observer, the average velocity of light travelling the way to and back is constant. The transformation obtained in the work [4] is the Lorentz transformation differently written down after a change in the manner of time measurement in the inertial frame of reference, this is why the properties of the Special Theory of Relativity were attributed to this transformation. The universal reference system is real, and this is not a freely chosen inertial system
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