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Abstract
This study was intended to analyze the intersection of experience of sexual stigma low-socioeconomic status, and suicide attempt amongst young Brazilians (11–24 years old). In each of the data collection periods (2004–2006: n = 7185; 2010–2012: n = 2734), participants completed a questionnaire-based instrument. Network analysis provided support for a Minority Stress Model, oriented around whether participants had experienced sexual stigma. Although suicide attempts decreased by 20% for participants who had not experienced sexual stigma, there was a 60% increase for those who had experienced sexual stigma. Of particular note were the increases in rates of reported community and familial physical assault, molestation, and rape for those who had experienced sexual stigma. An analysis of centrality statistics demonstrated that both experiences of this Minority Stress Model were fundamentally different, and that those disparities increased over the time frame observed in this study. At the center of this model, shortest paths statistics exhibited a direct conditioned connection between experiencing sexual stigma and suicide attempts. We discuss the social and historical contexts that contributed to these dynamics, and emphasize the need for policy change.
Highlights
Almost universally, normative sexuality has been limited to heterosexual frameworks, which is to say that social infrastructures are, explicitly or implicitly, designed to privilege the lives of those who embody this standard, and disadvantage those who do not (Warner, 1993)
Whilst rates of suicide attempt decreased by 20% for those with no sexual stigma experiences between the two cohorts, rates of suicide
Our results have demonstrated that, in the 2004–2006 crosssection, a sexual minority stress model, oriented around sexual discrimination, existed amongst low-SES
Summary
Normative sexuality has been limited to heterosexual frameworks, which is to say that social infrastructures are, explicitly or implicitly, designed to privilege the lives of those who embody this standard, and disadvantage those who do not (Warner, 1993). Sexual stigma have been shown to increase the risk of developing depression (Hatzenbuehler et al, 2008) and suicide risk (Plöderl et al, 2014). Recent meta-analytic research has demonstrated that non-heterosexual individuals have an increased risk for suicide (Haas et al, 2010; Plöderl et al, 2013). These disparities are further augmented in contexts with limited or non-existent state protection (Hatzenbuehler et al, 2009). In 2014, the World Health Organization issued a report aimed at increasing awareness and suicide prevention in the global public health agenda, with a specific emphasis on the vulnerability of non-heterosexual cohorts (WHO, 2014)
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