The Experience of Disaster Risk Reduction and Economic Losses Reduction in Malaysia During the Water Crisis 1998 in the Context of the Next El Nino Strongest on Record Maximum 2015

Abstract

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 is aimed at action to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risks. Climate warming leads to the climate anomalies that have increased the number of extreme weather-related events two times for past 10 years. Natural disasters are one of the main sources of risks and economic losses in modern time. The annual economic damage for the India from natural disasters is about 2% in terms of gross domestic product (GDP). The projected earth climate change can increase the economic losses to a considerable extent. In certain regions, the increasing of the average temperature leads to the precipitation anomalies and changes in their characteristics such as duration, intensity and severity. Corresponding to them, the economic losses and risks are increasing. The economic efficiency of chemical free weather modification and creation of artificial precipitations during the droughts, forest fires and heat waves are underestimated. One of the drought consequences is either water shortage or water crisis. Targeting artificial rain clouds in the dams’ catchment areas can solve the problem of the town water supply during the drought. Targeting artificial rains in the agricultural regions and forests can be also effective for minimization of drought sequences and reduction the risk of vegetation fires. The main idea for Disaster Risk Reduction and reduction of economic losses from droughts is cutting the peaks intensity and reduction of the event duration that will lead to a reduction of the event severity. The basic idea for risk minimization and economic losses reduction from flooding is to move excess water to areas with water shortage. The innovation methods of managing the crisis with the help of modern technical solutions as chemical free weather modification can considerably reduce the economic losses from natural disasters.