Abstract
Subverting the conventional concept of “the” ribosome, a wealth of information gleaned from recent studies is revealing a much more diverse and dynamic ribosomal reality than has traditionally been thought possible. A diverse array of researchers is collectively illuminating a universe of heterogeneous and adaptable ribosomes harboring differences in composition and regulatory capacity: These differences enable specialization. The expanding universe of ribosomes not only comprises an incredible richness in ribosomal specialization between species, but also within the same tissues and even cells. In this review, we discuss ribosomal heterogeneity and speculate how the emerging understanding of the ribosomal repertoire is impacting the biological sciences today. Targeting pathogen-specific and pathological “diseased” ribosomes promises to provide new treatment options for patients, and potential applications for “designer ribosomes” are within reach. Our deepening understanding of and ability to manipulate the ribosome are establishing both the technological and theoretical foundations for major advances for the 21st century and beyond.
Highlights
Contrary to beliefs held by children and certain politicians, the universe does not revolve around ourselves
The observation that the interactions between ribosomes and ternary complex were enhanced in isolates from naturally occurring E. coli strains, and that this correlated with enhanced growth and survival phenotypes relative to laboratory strains, suggested that ribosomal diversity may have a selective advantage in nature [2]
Given the key role of ribosomal protein L3 in ribosome biogenesis and function [26], we suggest that mature muscles may utilize ribosomes harboring Rpl3lp instead of Rpl3p to retain homeostasis in mass
Summary
Contrary to beliefs held by children and certain politicians, the universe does not revolve around ourselves. The observation that the interactions between ribosomes and ternary complex were enhanced in isolates from naturally occurring E. coli strains, and that this correlated with enhanced growth and survival phenotypes relative to laboratory strains, suggested that ribosomal diversity may have a selective advantage in nature [2]. Another early hint came from findings that deletion of one but not the other ribosomal protein paralogous genes impaired the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to propagate the yeast “killer virus” [3]. We borrow terminology from astronomy and explore this constantly expanding riboverse, and the implications of this growing knowledge on cellular life, industrial applications, and therapeutics
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