Abstract
Mycotoxins represent a wide range of secondary, naturally occurring and practically unavoidable fungal metabolites. They contaminate various agricultural commodities like cereals, maize, peanuts, fruits, and feed at any stage in pre- or post-harvest conditions. Consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed can cause acute or chronic toxicity in human and animals. The risk that is posed to public health have prompted the need to develop methods of analysis and detection of mycotoxins in food products. Mycotoxins wide range of structural diversity, high chemical stability, and low concentrations in tested samples require robust, effective, and comprehensible detection methods. This review summarizes current methods, such as chromatographic and immunochemical techniques, as well as novel, alternative approaches like biosensors, electronic noses, or molecularly imprinted polymers that have been successfully applied in detection and identification of various mycotoxins in food commodities. In order to highlight the significance of sampling and sample treatment in the analytical process, these steps have been comprehensively described.
Highlights
Mycotoxins are low molecular mass (MW ~700 Da) secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi which are harmful to human and animal health [1]
This review summarizes the used methods and novel innovative techniques applied for mycotoxins detection and analysis in a variety of foods
(Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method was initially developed for pesticide analysis, but it facilitates a simultaneous detection of different groups of mycotoxins in various matrices [40]
Summary
Mycotoxins are low molecular mass (MW ~700 Da) secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi which are harmful to human and animal health [1]. In the eighty-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives fumonisins and AFs as food contaminants have been widely evaluated in terms of their toxicology, exposure, and daily limits [29]. All of these efforts to establish mycotoxins limits and standards have induced the development of various analysis methods for the identification and quantification of mycotoxins in food samples [24]. The chemical diversity and co-occurrence of mycotoxins, their different concentrations in agricultural products and complex food matrices with mycotoxin contamination require special extraction, clean-up, and detection methods [31]. A brief presentation of extraction methodologies and clean-up procedures are included
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