Abstract
The need for creating of complex mineral fertilizers was demonstrated, namely, granulated phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which are a certain alternative to basic superphosphate. The advantages of the semidry method of granulation of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were defined, which consist in the agglomeration of phosphorite powder with the help of the plasticizer based on the compounds of potassium at humidity of the charge not exceeding 12 %. The structural scheme of the technology of obtaining phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was presented with indication of the amounts and temperatures of material flows.It was demonstrated that the technology of phosphate mineral fertilizers by the method of granulation of pulp and drying of granules possesses increased energy expenditures for their production. It is indicated that the technology of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, obtained by the semidry method, is based on the fabrication of granules by the method of agglomeration, that is why we may expect that this technology will have lower energy consumption, and, therefore, the important question is the analysis of completeness of the use of supplied thermal energy to the main technological equipment, i. e., the exergy analysis.We proposed the method of the exergy analysis of technology flows, which makes it possible, by the represented analytical dependences, to determine the exergy expenses and losses by each technological stage in the technology of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The summary exergy balance of the technology of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is presented and analyzed. The comparison of energy costs for the production of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and ammoniated superphosphate was carried out, as a result of which we demonstrated the decrease in the expenses when obtaining phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by 30 % in comparison to the widely used ammoniated superphosphate.
Highlights
Mineral granulated fertilizers are one of the most important types of the products of chemical industry for agriculture
An increase of the exergy losses by 2,5 times in the production of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is caused by availability of additional transporting-bunker equipment, which leads to the larger heat losses through the walls of equipment
The main forms of the exergy losses are substantiated – due to the change in the magnitude of pressure of the medium at the input of the unit and at the output from it, through the walls of the unit to the environment and the heat exchange with finite differences in temperatures of technology flows at the input of the unit and at the output from it
Summary
Mineral granulated fertilizers are one of the most important types of the products of chemical industry for agriculture. For provision of the proper conditions of increasing the fertility of soils it is necessary to create the complex mineral fertilizers, whose chemical composition is determined by the agro-ecological conditions of their application. Such fertilizers include granulated phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The technology, developed at GP “Sumy State Institute of Mineral Fertilizers and Pigments”, of granulation of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by the semi-dry method consists in the agglomeration of ground rock phosphate with the aid of plasticizer on the base of the compounds of potassium at humidity of the charge not higher than 12 %. The given types of fertilizer are intended for the application in farm, forestry and home gardens in all types of soils and for all agricultural crops
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