Abstract
BackgroundExcretory-secretory products (ESPs) released by helminths are well-known to regulate T cell responses in the host. However, their direct influence in the differentiation of naïve T cells, and especially B cells, remains largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces ESPs (EgPSC-ESPs) on the differentiation of IL-10-producing B cells (B10), IL-17A-producing B cells (B17) and Th17 cells.MethodsBALB/c mice injected with EgPSC were used to evaluate the in vivo profiles of B10, B17 and Th17 cells. In vitro purified CD19+ B and naïve CD4+ T cells were cultured in the presence of native, heat-inactivated or periodate-treated EgPSC-ESPs, and the differentiation of these cell subsets were compared.ResultsIn contrast to the control group, infected mice showed higher frequencies of B10, B17 and Th17 cells, and higher levels of IL-10 and IL-17A in the sera. Interestingly, B17 cells were first identified to express CD19+CD1dhigh. In vitro, B cells cultured with native ESPs exhibited a higher percentage of B10 cells but lower percentage of B17 and Th17 cells compared to the PBS group. Moreover, the relative expression of IL-10 and IL-17A mRNA were consistent with the altered frequencies. However, ESPs subjected to heat-inactivation or periodate treatment exhibited an inverse effect on the induction of these cell subsets.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that ESPs released by EgPSC can directly regulate the differentiation of B10, B17 and Th17 cells, which appear to be heat-labile and carbohydrate-dependent.
Highlights
Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) released by helminths are well-known to regulate T cell responses in the host
The proportions of IL-10-producing B cells (B10) cells were increased postinfection Unlike T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells, the cytokines or subgroups of B cells associated with parasitic infection are still not well defined
To understand the role of B cells in E. granulosus PSC (EgPSC)-infected mice, splenic cells were prepared to analyze the frequencies of B10 cells by flow cytometry, and sera were collected to detect IL-10 levels using cytometric bead arrays (CBA)
Summary
Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) released by helminths are well-known to regulate T cell responses in the host. Their direct influence in the differentiation of naïve T cells, and especially B cells, remains largely unknown. Helminth parasites are highly successful pathogens, persistently infecting a quarter of the world’s population, and causing significant morbidity but rarely death [1, 2]. This is largely because that they have evolved potent and varied immune subversion strategies that facilitate evasion of host immune responses. Several B cell subpopulations have been shown to play essential
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