Abstract
The electrically propelled vehicle makes use of various technologies and is thus faced with diverse standardization and regulation cultures. The relevant standardization landscape is a complex one, particularly if new energy vectors such as hydrogen are taken into account. The growing interest for the deployment of (hybrid) electric drive technology has given rise to specific standardization issues, which are being tackled by specific technical teams. Currently enforced rating standards to evaluate the performance of ground vehicles must in fact be adapted to hybrid electric vehicles, with particular problems arising when considering plug-in hybrids which use both fuel and mains electricity. New standards are needed to evaluate the potential benefits of the hybrid systems against the future vehicle requirements within specifically applicable bounds and regulations. The paper highlights current evolutions in the field, discussing the ongoing work programme of international standardization committees (particularly ISO TC22 SC21 and IEC TC69), and more particularly the interaction between these committees. Special attention will be given to a number of pending issues such as the definition of reliable performance and energy consumption tests for plug-in hybrid vehicles with both fuel and electricity energy supply, the specific need for infrastructure standardization and the impact of the introduction of new technologies such as hydrogen on vehicle safety standardization. The paper will report on activities in this field, providing direct feedback from the international standardization shopfloor, and will recommend specific work areas for standardization, highlighting the potential interaction of ongoing international standardization activities.
Highlights
Standardization, on a global level, is mainly dealt with by two institutions: the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), founded in 1904, deals with all things electrical, whileas the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), founded in 1948, deals with all other technologies
The expected service life of an automobile (5,000 to 10,000 hours) is much lower than of an industrial electrical machine. This difference is further reflected in the constitution of the technical committees and their working groups which deal with electric vehicle standardization in respectively IEC and ISO
WG4 entered a new elan in the mid-1990s to take up work on infrastructure standardization, which led to the IEC 61851 family of international standards of which the following documents have been published: o IEC61851-1:2001 Electric vehicle conductive charging system; Part 1: General requirements o IEC61851-21:2001 Electric vehicle conductive charging system; Part 21: Electric vehicle requirements for conductive connection to an a.c./ d.c. supply o IEC61851-22:2001 Electric vehicle conductive charging system; Part 22: a.c. electric vehicle
Summary
Standardization, on a global level, is mainly dealt with by two institutions: the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), founded in 1904, deals with all things electrical, whileas the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), founded in 1948, deals with all other technologies. Electric motors are covered by extensive IEC standards covering their construction and testing Even subjects such as the colour code of wires are standardized (e.g. green and yellow for the protective or earth conductor). In the car manufacturing world on the other hand, standardization is limited to issues which are subject to government regulations (safety, environmental impact, performance measurement) and to the areas where interchangeability of components is a key issue. The expected service life of an automobile (5,000 to 10,000 hours) is much lower than of an industrial electrical machine This difference is further reflected in the constitution of the technical committees and their working groups which deal with electric vehicle standardization in respectively IEC and ISO. To oversee the developments in the field, a Steering Group was set up, which did overview the current work of the committee and formulated recommendations on specific issues
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