The Evolution of the (Terrestrial) Navigator

Abstract

The evolution of the terrestrial navigation system or terrestrial navigator or the navigatori is discussed in this paper. A navigator is a standalone or an integrated navigation system that uses location technology, mapping, and other information for a variety of other sensors to provide real-time navigation from point A to point B. Since 2004 many navigation devices have been released into the market. We are going to describe various trends of the navigator or navigation systems and describe the main challenges that this particular technology faces today. Then we will examine the challenges for implementing a mobile-mapping wireless-enabled-GNSS indoor geolocation system (MM WE-GNSS IGS) into the not-so-distant future navigators. Is the current infrastructure sufficient to implement a MM WE-GNSS IGS? This is a challenging problem because the demand for this system is not as high as it is for the current navigator. It does not mean that MM WE-GNSS IGS are neither useful nor that they will not come to fruition. I am certain that these systems are coming very soon. In this context then what is a MM WE-GNSS IGS? It produces 3D-position and time of people and objects via the use of three main sub-systems: (a) GNSS, (b) Wireless-Enabled, and (c) MM either through special devices (also known as Navigators) or in your mobile-phone. Typically, a navigator device provides reliable 3-D position time and navigation routing either when GPS or GNSS signals are available or obstructed. In our previous publications we have already discussed one of them: WE GPS IGS which provides sub-meter position level accuracy 99.999% of the time and meets the integrity requirements in the tough areas such as indoors, undergrounds, and in tunnels but lacks the needed infrastructure of mapping in indoor and/or some urban or suburban environments. In this paper we describe the results of a feasibility study of the Giftet Inc. 2022 pulsed OFDM-FM IGS, based on IEEE 802.11ah, offers nearly ideal distance estimation within 15 km;. Keywords: Wi-Fi, MM, WE, 5G, GPS, GNSS, indoor, geolocation, GPS, Indoor, Geolocation, Giftet Inc 2010 OFDMA, Giftet Inc 2016 OFDM, Giftet Inc 2022 pulsed-OFDM.