The evolution of perfectionistic concerns and strivings in the proximity of exams: Evidence from a short-term longitudinal study

Abstract

To date, little is known about the short-term dynamics of perfectionism in undergraduate students, especially in certain potentially activating contexts, such as the proximity of the exam session. The aim of the present study was to address this methodological limitation and literature gap by conducting a latent growth curve model analysis of students’ perfectionistic concerns and strivings in the proximity of exams, to detect and explain the potential heterogeneity in their growth trajectories. The study sample consisted of 242 undergraduate students who participated at four-time points (228 at T0, 171 at T1, 225 at T2, and 146 at T3), spaced four weeks apart, between the beginning of the first academic semester and the beginning of the exam session. The results showed that while perfectionistic concerns displayed a significant overall growth trajectory during this period of time, perfectionistic strivings were rather stable personality traits, less dependent on contextual factors. Regarding the individual differences in perfectionism dimensions, the findings showed that there was a significant inter-individual variability around both the initial level and the overall growth trajectory of perfectionistic concerns. However, only the perceived teachers' expectations explained significantly part of the variations around the initial level of perfectionistic concerns.