The Evolution of Japanese Retailing: 1991 - 2007

Abstract

In this research we theoretically address, and empirically estimate, key factors that affect sales at four major lines of retail trade that include frequently purchased consumables (food and drink), less frequently bought non-durables (apparel, shoes and dry goods), to infrequently acquired durable goods that range from moderately costly (furniture) to truly expensive (autos). We examine Industrial Classifications 56, 57, 58, and 59: Dry Goods, Apparel and Apparel Accessory stores (largely clothing, shoe, linen and accessories); Food and Beverage stores (primarily grocery, liquor, and specialty food stores); Motor Vehicles and Bicycle stores (because our measure is sales, autos dominate); Furniture, Household Utensils, and Appliances. These four lines of trade collectively comprise about 60% (1991: 62%, 1997: 60%, 2002: 59%, 2007: 58%) of all retail sales.