Abstract
Since the first DNA extraction performed by Friedrich Miescher in 1869, scientists have made extraordinary progress in designing extraction methods that are more reliable, easier and faster to perform, more cost-effective and produce a higher yield. The classic liquid-liquid DNA extraction method involves the use of organic and inorganic reagents such as phenol-chloroform which pose a toxic threat to humans.
Highlights
Extraction of nucleic acids is the starting point in any molecular biology study and is considered as a crucial process
The principal behind Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) extraction consists of the following steps: (1) disruption of cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes; (2) separation and purification of DNA from other components of the cell lysate such as lipids, proteins, and other nucleic acids; and (3) concentration and purification of DNA [12]
Since the first DNA extraction performed by Friedrich Miescher in 1869, scientists have made extraordinary progress in designing extraction methods that are more reliable, easier and faster to perform, more cost-effective and produce a higher yield
Summary
Extraction of nucleic acids is the starting point in any molecular biology study and is considered as a crucial process. The first crude extraction of DNA had been performed by the Swiss physician Friedrich Miescher in 1869 He had accidentally purified DNA from the nucleus while investigating proteins from leukocytes and found that the property of this substance was fundamentally different than proteins, coined the term “nuclein” [1]. The principal behind DNA extraction consists of the following steps: (1) disruption of cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes; (2) separation and purification of DNA from other components of the cell lysate such as lipids, proteins, and other nucleic acids; and (3) concentration and purification of DNA [12]. Over a period of time different isolation methods have evolved (Figure 1) and the current review discusses the various isolation methods each with its set of advantages and disadvantages
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