The Evolution of 146Nd– 156Nd Isotope States under the Framework of BM, IBM-1, IVBM and D-G

Abstract

The properties of the ground, beta and negative parity state bands of 146Nd–156Nd isotopes have been studied. The ratio of gamma energy over spin has been calculated and drawn as a function of spin (I) to show the ground-state evolution for each isotope. The ratio between the excitation energies of successive (I+2) and (I) states as a function of spin (I) has been calculated and drawn to determine the property of the ground-state bands of 146Nd–156Nd isotopes. The odd-even staggering has been drawn to determine the energy difference of the states of the ground-state bands and the negative-parity bands. The energy levels for the ground-state band of 146Nd–156Nd have been calculated using the Bohr-Mottelson Model, the Interacting Boson Model, the Interacting Vector Boson Model and the Doma–El-Gendy Relation. The energy levels of the beta band for the measured experimentally levels of 148Nd, 150Nd and 152Nd have been calculated using the Interacting Boson Model. The energy levels of the negative parity band of the 146Nd, 148Nd, 150Nd, 152Nd and 156Nd isotopes have also been calculated using the Bohr-Mottelson Model and the Interacting Vector Boson Model. The calculated energy levels compared with the experimental data indicate the quality of the fit presented in this paper.