The Evidence Base in Exercise Knowledge of Pregnant Women: A Latent Class Analysis

Abstract

Exercise has many benefits for women with uncomplicated pregnancies. However, poor exercise knowledge may contribute to problems or barriers that reduce a woman's level of exercise after becoming pregnant. This study was performed to identify pregnancy exercise knowledge among pregnant women using latent class analysis and to examine the relationship between pregnancy exercise knowledge patterns and sociodemographic characteristics. A descriptive, cross-sectional approach was used in this study. Participants were recruited from the prenatal outpatient departments of two hospitals and a certified prenatal center in Taipei, Taiwan. A total of 618 participants completed a pregnancy exercise knowledge test. The data were analyzed using WINMIRA and SPSS 20.0 software. Two latent classes were identified based on exercise knowledge among pregnant women. The Accurate Knowledge group (n=543, 87.9%), which had a higher latent trait for exercise knowledge (M=1.31, SD=0.94), was larger than the Limited Knowledge group (n=75, 12.1%), which had a lower latent trait (M = -0.22, SD=1.14). The principles of exercise for pregnant women, particularly the appropriate intensity and duration, may be difficult items for women in the Limited Knowledge group to understand. Women with Limited Knowledge had significantly lower education levels and greater rates of unemployment, multiparity, and miscarriage than women in the Accurate Knowledge group. A two-class system for interpreting exercise knowledge among pregnant women is statistically supported. We believe that this study has evidence-based potential to help healthcare providers improve pregnant women's exercise knowledge as part of routine prenatal care to promote exercise.