The Evidence against Prophylactic Nasogastric Intubation and Oral Restriction

Abstract

Evidence-based perioperative care plans after colorectal surgery serve to improve quality outcome, decrease complications, and reduce medical cost. The benefits of routine nasogastric decompression and prolonged enteral restriction after bowel resection are not supported in this new era of evidence-based surgical care. Prophylactic nasogastric decompression fails to improve bowel function, length of stay, and prevent anastomotic leak, wound complications (infection, fascial dehiscence, incisional hernia), pulmonary complications (atelectasis, aspiration, pneumonia, fever, pharyngolaryngitis), and abdominal discomfort (distension, nausea, vomiting). Patients have earlier return of bowel function without the use of a nasogastric tube (NGT). Early refeeding within 24 hours after bowel resection is well tolerated in 80 to 90% of patients, and associated with earlier hospital discharge, decreased risk of infection, and improved postoperative hyperglycemic control. Abdominal discomfort is the most common complication observed in patients treated with early feeding and without a NGT, but does not result in higher therapeutic nasogastric intubation, postoperative ileus, aspiration, or other complications. The use of multimodal adjuncts in combination with these guidelines should be considered to improve outcome. The current literature is reviewed with suggestions for achieving better outcomes after colorectal resection.