Abstract
BackgroundThe Gavac™ vaccine against the cattle tick Boophilus microplus has proven its efficacy in a large number of controlled and field experiments. However, this vaccine could be further improved by searching for new alternative adjuvants that would induce a stronger long-lasting immune response. We conducted several experiments to assay the adjuvant effect of fractions of the recombinant yeast Pichia pastoris in mouse and cattle models. In previous experiments, the combination of the yeast membrane with saponin was the most effective formulation in stimulating the humoral immune response in mice, eliciting a response higher than Montanide 888. The response was predominantly of the IgG1 isotype. Here, we evaluated the response in cattle and compared the results with that obtained in mice.ResultsBm86 on the membrane of P. pastoris plus saponin produced high antibody titers in cattle, though the protection level against tick infestations was lower when compared to Gavac™, probably due to a decrease in the IgG1/IgG2 ratio. The predictive value of the mouse model was studied through correlation analysis between the isotype levels in mice and the efficacy of formulations in cattle. Good correlation was established between the level of antibodies in mice and cattle, and between the amount of anti -Bm86 IgG1 in mice and the degree of protection in cattle.ConclusionMouse model have the potential to predict immunogenicity and efficacy of formulations in cattle. These results also support the use of the yeast expression system for recombinant vaccine formulations, enabling the prediction of more cost - effective formulations.
Highlights
The GavacTM vaccine against the cattle tick Boophilus microplus has proven its efficacy in a large number of controlled and field experiments
The B. microplus Bm86 antigen was isolated and expressed in the yeast P. pastoris to prepare the recombinant vaccine GavacTM (Heber Biotec S.A., Havana, Cuba) [1,2]. This vaccine against cattle ticks contains 100 μg Bm86 per dose in 2 ml of a Montanide 888 / mineral oil in water emulsion and has proven its efficacy in a http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/1/2 large number of controlled and field experiments [2,3,4,5]. This vaccine could be further improved by searching for new alternative adjuvants that would induce a stronger long -lasting immune response, and a reduction in production cost
Control groups kept a basal level of Bm86-specific reactivity equal to that of preimmune sera, indicating the specificity of the assays
Summary
The GavacTM vaccine against the cattle tick Boophilus microplus has proven its efficacy in a large number of controlled and field experiments. The B. microplus Bm86 antigen was isolated and expressed in the yeast P. pastoris to prepare the recombinant vaccine GavacTM (Heber Biotec S.A., Havana, Cuba) [1,2] This vaccine against cattle ticks contains 100 μg Bm86 per dose in 2 ml of a Montanide 888 / mineral oil in water emulsion and has proven its efficacy in a http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/1/2 large number of controlled and field experiments [2,3,4,5]. This vaccine could be further improved by searching for new alternative adjuvants that would induce a stronger long -lasting immune response, and a reduction in production cost
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