The Evaluation of the Oxidative Stress Parameters in Patients with Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Dong Chang,Ping Liu,Peipei Liu,Xuefei Zhang,Qian Sha,Shengzhong Rong,Tao Han,Hongzhi Pan,Klaus Roemer

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027218

Abstract

ObjectiveTo clarify the presence of oxidative stress in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and PACG.MethodsFifty patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma and fifty healthy controls of matched age and gender were included in the study prospectively. Serum samples were obtained to detect the oxidation degradation products malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated diene (CD), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyl (PC), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosin (8-OHdG).ResultsThe concentration of MDA and CD in PACG patients was significantly higher than those of the control subjects (P<0.05, P<0.01). The serum 4-HNE concentrations were increased in PACG patients, but the differences with those of the healthy controls were not statistically significant. Compared to normal subjects, there was significant higher in serum AOPP and PC in PACG patients (P<0.01). PACG patients had higher levels of 8-OHdG in serum with respect to the comparative group of normal subjects (P<0.01). When plasma IMA levels in the PACG group were compared with those in the control group, significant increases in IMA were observed in the former (P<0.05).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that IMA is a new biomarker available for assessing oxidative stress in PCAG. Oxidative stress is an important risk factor in the development of primary angle-closure glaucoma. Increased levels of oxidative stress products may be associated with primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Highlights

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and is the leading cause of blindness in the developing and industrialized countries
The initiating causes leading to glaucoma are unknown, oxidative and nitrative stress appears to play a role in the progressive neuronal death that is characteristic of glaucomatous optic nerve damage [1,2,3]
Conjugated dienes significantly increased in patients compared to the controls (P,0.05)

Summary

Introduction

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and is the leading cause of blindness in the developing and industrialized countries. The initiating causes leading to glaucoma are unknown, oxidative and nitrative stress appears to play a role in the progressive neuronal death that is characteristic of glaucomatous optic nerve damage [1,2,3]. Various factors may play an elementary role in the pathologic course of glaucoma, such as genetic factors, increased levels of glutamate, changes in nitric oxide metabolism, and vascular changes [7,8,9]. Abu-Amero et al reported in patients with glaucoma demonstrated the occurrence of mutations in the mitochondrial genome and a reduced mitochondrial respiratory activity in comparison to control subjects [10]. It has been ascertained that the antioxidative capacity in the aqueous humor of patients with glaucoma is markedly reduced compared to nonglaucomatous eyes [2]

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Results

Conclusion