The evaluation of the impact of titania nanotube covers morphology and crystal phase on their biological properties.

Żaneta Lewandowska,Tomasz Jędrzejewski,Beata Sadowska,Piotr Piszczek,Aleksandra Radtke,Wiesław Kozak

doi:10.1007/s10856-015-5495-2

Żaneta Lewandowska, Tomasz Jędrzejewski + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-015-5495-2

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Abstract

The highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube coatings were produced under various electrochemical conditions on the surface of titanium foil. The anodization voltage changes proved to be a main factor which directly affects the nanotube morphology, structure, and wettability. Moreover we have noticed a significant dependence between the size and crystallinity of TiO2 layers and the adhesion/proliferation of fibroblasts and antimicrobial properties. Cellular functionality were investigated for up to 3 days in culture using a cell viability assay and scanning electron microscopy. In general, results of our studies revealed that fibroblasts adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation on the titania nanotube coatings is clearly higher than on the surface of the pure titanium foil. The formation of crystallic islands in the nanotubes structure induced a significant acceleration in the growth rate of fibroblasts cells by as much as ~200 %. Additionally, some types of TiO2 layers revealed the ability to the reduce of the staphylococcal aggregates/biofilm formation. The nanotube coatings formed during the anodization process using the voltage 4 V proved to be the stronger S. aureus aggregates/biofilm inhibitor in comparison to the uncovered titanium substrate. That accelerated eukaryotic cell growth and anti-biofilm activity is believed to be advantageous for faster cure of dental and orthopaedic patients, and also for a variety of biomedical diagnostic and therapeutic applications.Graphical The highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube coatings were produced under various electrochemical conditions on the surface of titanium foil. The anodization voltage changes proved to be a main factor which directly affects the nanotube morphology, structure, and wettability. Moreover we have noticed a significant dependence between the size and crystallinity of TiO2 layers and the adhesion/proliferation of fibroblasts and antimicrobial properties.

Highlights

IntroductionTitanium and its alloys have found widely application as the biomaterials used for implants development
Over the past decades, titanium and its alloys have found widely application as the biomaterials used for implants development
Titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) coatings were produced on the surface of titanium foil (99.7 % purity) leading the anodizing process at room temperature for t = 20 min in the range of 3–20 V

Summary

Introduction

Titanium and its alloys have found widely application as the biomaterials used for implants development. Those materials exhibit appropriate properties like good biocompatibility and mechanical characteristic, corrosion resistance, and processability [1,2,3]. It is well known that different interactions occur between the surface of biomaterials and the biological environment after they implantation into the recipient organisms [4,5,6,7]. A considerable number of studies have proved that the titania nanotubes has the following advantages: (a) the nanotubular structures increase significantly the surface area and favors to: eukaryotic cells deposition, (b) they may serve as drug delivery system because their length and diameter can be controlled precisely, and (c) nanotube surface is created directly from the underlying native titanium alloys, and it has the same component as occurs in the alloys [10,11,12,13,14,15,16]

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