Abstract
Introduction: Resistance of pathogenic organisms to countenance antibiotics has become a worldwide problem with serious consequences on the treatment of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance and also the detection of transferred antibiotic resistance by plasmid in clinical Proteus isolates. Materials and methods: A total of 250 urine samples were collected from patient suffered from urinary tract infection (UTI), and cultured on blood agar and MacConkey's agar. Positive cultures were diagnosed by routine microbiological and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated by agar dilution method, and also antibiotic resistance mediated by plasmid was determined using transformation of plasmids to plasmid free Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as competent cell. Results: Among 200 samples, 120 samples (60%) were collected from female and 80 samples (40%) were isolated from males. Out of 25 species (12.5%) were diagnosed as Proteus. Al isolates were resistant to ampicillin (maximum frequency), only 16% of isolates were resistance to amikacin (minimum resistance). Totally, 66.66% of Proteus isolates harbored plasmids. All plasmid containing P. mirabilis isolates were able to transferred resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, while rate of resistance to other antibiotics were as amikacin (88%), gentamycin (72%), tetracycline (50%), tobramycin (48%), ceftazidime, cefotaxime (32%) and ciprofloxacin (22%). Conclusion: Widespread use of antibiotics cause to spread or emerge antibiotic resistances among bacteria by R–plasmids transfer.
Highlights
Resistance of pathogenic organisms to countenance antibiotics has become a worldwide problem with serious consequences on the treatment of infectious diseases
Antibiotics susceptibility test: Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method on MuellerHinton agar and minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of all antibiotics were determined by agar dilution methods according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations (CLSI, 2007)
Out of 200 samples were studied, and 25 (12.5%) of Proteus bacteria were isolated from patients suffered from urinary tract infection and 66.6% of these isolates were consist of plasmid that mediated antibiotic resistant .In a study conducted by Orhue, O.Phillips (2014) in Nigeria, among all bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infection, Proteus strains were known as the causes of 14.5% of these infections and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of this study was similar to our data, they did not perform molecular analysis of these strains (12)
Summary
Resistance of pathogenic organisms to countenance antibiotics has become a worldwide problem with serious consequences on the treatment of infectious diseases. Several species of Proteus species are known to colonize and infect the human host, but, the one most frequently linked with causing human disease is Proteus mirabilis These bacteria are the causative agents of a variety of opportunistic nosocomial infections including those of the respiratory tract, eye, ear, nose, skin, burns, throat and wounds (1). Proteus species are among the commonly implicated pathogens in hospital as well as community acquired infections (3).Strains are intrinsically resistant to bacitracin, colisitin and polymyxin and are generally susceptible to aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, nalidixicacid and penicillin. Resistance to these antibiotics and or others are currently reported at increasing frequency; a phenomenon which usually results in difficult treatment and control of
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