The Evaluation of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids Content and Antiprotozoal Activity of Eryngium Species Biomass Produced by Biotechnological Methods.

Małgorzata Kikowska,Justyna Chanaj-Kaczmarek,Monika Derda,Agnieszka Szopa,Barbara Thiem,Halina Ekiert,Anna Budzianowska

doi:10.3390/molecules27020363

Małgorzata Kikowska, Justyna Chanaj-Kaczmarek + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020363

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Abstract

Three species from the Eryngium L. genus—E. campestre, E. maritimum, and E. planum, plants with a rich chemical composition, were selected for phytochemical and biological studies. The applied biotechnological methods allowed to obtain the biomass of these rare or protected species in the form of multiplied shoots (stationary system) and roots cultured in a liquid medium (agitated system). In the extracts from the raw material obtained under in vitro conditions, the content of selected phenolic acids and flavonoids (HPLC-DAD method) as well as the total of polyphenols (Folin–Ciocalteu assay) were quantified. The highest amount of all phenolic compounds was found in extracts from E. planum roots (950.90 ± 33.52 mg/100 g d.w.), and the lowest from E. campestre roots (285.00 ± 10.07 mg/100 g d.w.). The quantitatively dominant compound proved to be rosmarinic acid. The highest amounts were confirmed for E. planum root extract (694.58 mg/100 g d.w.), followed by E. planum (388.95 mg/100 g d.w.) and E. campestre (325.85 mg/100 g d.w.) shoot extracts. The total content of polyphenols was always increased in the biomass from in vitro cultures in comparison to the analogous organs of intact plants of each species. The obtained extracts were assessed for antiprotozoal activity against Acanthamoeba sp. The strength of biological activity of the extracts correlated with the content of phenolic compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the amoebicidal activity of E. campestre, E. maritimum, and E. planum extracts from biomass produced by biotechnological methods.

Highlights

Eryngium L. (Sea Holly, Eryngo) comprises about 230–250 species and is, the largest genus of the Saniculoideae subfamily from the Apiaceae family
Initial shoot cultures originated from aseptic seedling explants of E. campestre and E. planum, or stem fragments with nodes of E. maritimum
The problem of treating acanthamoebiasis with the use of substances of plant origin has recently become very popular—the therapeutic properties of other plants are still being investigated. This is the first report on the amoebicidal activity of E. campestre, E. maritimum, and E. planum extracts from biomass produced by biotechnological methods

Summary

Introduction

Eryngium L. (Sea Holly, Eryngo) comprises about 230–250 species and is, the largest genus of the Saniculoideae subfamily from the Apiaceae family. (Sea Holly, Eryngo) comprises about 230–250 species and is, the largest genus of the Saniculoideae subfamily from the Apiaceae family. This taxon is widespread in Central Asia, America, Central, and Southeast Europe, North Africa, and Australia [1,2]. Among Polish taxa of the genus, E. maritimum is endangered and protected, E. planum and E. campestre are rare and can be found only in restricted regions [4]. Some taxa have been used as ornamental, vegetable, and medicinal plants in folk medicine These three species appearing in the Polish flora have been known from traditional medicine in Poland and Europe. The main raw materials — herbs (Eryngii herba) and roots (Eryngii radix) are used as an antitussive, in various types of urinary tract diseases such as kidney and bladder stones, nephrosis or other kidney problems, employed to cure wounds, burns, pains, and hemorrhoids, applied as a remedy for snake venoms and scorpion stings [6]

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