The Evaluation of Occlusion Characteristic and Deleterious Oral Habits in 3- to 5-year-old Children

Abstract

Aim: Malocclusion is a prevalent public health concern, impacting craniofacial growth and development, and significantly affecting the quality of life of children in terms of oral health. This study investigated the prevalence of malocclusion in children aged 3 to 5 years, aiming to understand its occlusal characteristics, deleterious oral habits, correlations, and their parents’ attitudes toward malocclusion. 
 Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study involving 275 children was conducted, analyzing their dental and sociodemographic data. One examiner conducted oral examinations to evaluate occlusal traits, including primary molar and canine relationship, overjet, crossbite, deep bite, anterior open bite, and midline deviation. A 7-item questionnaire was administered to parents of children to collect background information, their attitudes toward the malocclusion and oral health-related habits. The chi-square test was used for statistical assessment of results. 
 Results: The results revealed that 40.7% of the children had malocclusion during their primary dentition period. The most prevalent type of malocclusion was deep bite (15.7%). Deleterious oral habits were prevalent, particularly bruxism. 
 Conclusion: Understanding these patterns is vital for tailored preventive strategies. The study highlights that early intervention and parent education are pivotal for optimal occlusal development during both primary and permanent dentition stages.