Abstract

Differences across sexes in cutaneous melanoma incidence, metastatic pathways and disease outcome are consistently observed, with women having a significant survival advantage compared with men. This suggests that gender could play a role as a prognostic indicator through sex hormone signaling, but the mechanism is still unclear. This article focuses on available literature data concerning the influence of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) expression as a host-related biological protective factor for female patients with melanoma. Furthermore, it highlights the potential role of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) as a prognostic biologic marker in cutaneous melanoma. Keywords: melanoma, sex, hormone receptors, estrogen receptor β

Highlights

  • Differences across sexes in cutaneous melanoma incidence, metastatic pathways and disease outcome are consistently observed, with women having a significant survival advantage compared with men

  • This article focuses on available literature data concerning the influence of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) expression as a host-related biological protective factor for female patients with melanoma

  • In line with the better outcome of women compared to men and with clinical data demonstrating a hormonallydependent melanoma course, we hypothesize that the female advantage is associated with biological characteristics of the host, independently of the other key prognostic factors

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Summary

Introduction

Differences across sexes in cutaneous melanoma incidence, metastatic pathways and disease outcome are consistently observed, with women having a significant survival advantage compared with men. This article focuses on available literature data concerning the influence of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) expression as a host-related biological protective factor for female patients with melanoma. It highlights the potential role of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) as a prognostic biologic marker in cutaneous melanoma.

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