Abstract
With democratic and rule of law backsliding in EU Member States, the EU as “order” is put into question through an unfolding identity-, compliance-, implementation- and perception- crisis. How do EU institutions respond to such a crisis? By developing a theoretical framework based on integration theories and a conceptualization of crisis-responses, we argue that EU actors show major difficulties in managing the crisis which currently affects several of its Member States. The EU is arguably also breaking down in the defense of some of its key democratic values. And yet, overall and in the longer turn we do not foresee a breaking down. Rather, EU responses seem best described by muddling through. At the same time there is still room to believe that the European Union is able to head forward, particularly in view of supranational institutions, such as the Court of Justice.
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