The European power plant conceptual study

Abstract

Within the European power plant conceptual study (PPCS) four fusion power plant “models”, all based on the tokamak concept, have been developed. Two of these models, A and B, were developed considering limited extrapolations both in physics and in technology. PPCS model A is based on the WCLL blanket [M. Gasparotto et al., DEMO blanket technology R&D results in the EU, Fusion Eng. Des. 61–62 (2002) 263–271] and on a water-cooled divertor concept. PPCS model B is based on the HCPB blanket [M. Gasparotto et al., DEMO blanket technology R&D results in the EU, Fusion Eng. Des. 61–62 (2002) 263–271] and on a helium-cooled divertor concept. For each of the more advanced concepts, models C and D, an advanced physics scenario has been identified and combined with advanced blanket concepts that allow higher thermodynamic efficiencies of the power conversion systems. Two key innovative developments are worthy of especial note: the development of a scheme for the scheduled replacement of the internal components and the conceptual design for a helium-cooled divertor. For all models, systems analyses were used to integrate the plasma physics and technology constraints to produce self-consistent plant parameter sets with approximately optimal economic characteristics. In the PPCS models, the favourable, inherent, features of fusion have been exploited to provide substantial safety and environmental advantages. The broad features of the conclusions of previous studies have been confirmed for the new models. Finally, the PPCS study has highlighted the need for specific design and R&D activities in addition to those already underway within the European long term R&D programme.