Abstract
The ethical issues raised by population screening programmes are complex, with implications for individuals, healthcare professionals and society as a whole. While personal autonomy has to be respected in these programmes, especially the need for informed consent, population screening will often be justified on the basis of benevolence. The public health criteria and the ethical considerations applicable to any screening programme are outlined, especially in the context of genetic conditions. The issues raised by some current screening programmes are discussed, and the problems that may arise in the future are considered.
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