The ethics of genetic screening for beta thalassemia in Vietnam.

Abstract

In this paper, I argue that genetic screening for beta thalassemia major is ethically justified in the context of Vietnam. First, I differentiate genetic screening from the moral objections commonly associated with eugenics on the basis of the primary motive for screening (avoidance of suffering) and the preservation of voluntary choice. To lay the groundwork for ethical discussion, I explain the basics of beta thalassemia biochemistry and screening and the clinical picture of beta thalassemia major. I then elaborate on a specific example of the challenges of beta thalassemia major in Cyprus before moving on to the case of Vietnam and discuss the improbability of treatment for this disorder in Vietnam and therefore, the extensive suffering that it causes the Vietnamese people. This leads to my argument that a beta thalassemia screening in Vietnam would hold up the ethical principle of nonmaleficence and also preserves and enhances reproductive choice. I then propose that Vietnam's successful COVID-19 response can be used as a roadmap for beta thalassemia screening.