The ethanol extract of Garcinia mangostana L peel reduces the isoniazid-induced liver damage in rats

Abstract

Background: The long-term use of Isoniazid (INH) as the Tuberculosis (TB) treatment increases the risk of possible liver damage. The peel from Garcinia Mangostana L. has been shown to reduce hepatotoxicity in the rat model. However, the molecular mechanism of this effect is not well-understoodObjective: This study aims to investigate the effect of the ethanol extract of the peel of Garcinia Mangostana L or mangosteen in preventing INH-induced liver damage at the cellular and molecular levels.Methods: A total of 32 male Wistar rats (Rattus Norvegicus) three to four months old with bodyweight between 170 and 200 grams are randomly enrolled into the negative control (NC), Positive control (PC), Treatment 1, and treatment 2 groups. The rats in the positive control (PC) and the treatment groups (T1, T2) were injected with 80 mg INH per kilogram body weight to induce liver fibrosis at the beginning of the study. The rats in the negative control group (NC) are injected with normal saline. The T1 and T2 groups are given 250 mg and 500 mg per kilogram body weight of mangosteen peel ethanol extract, respectively. After 35-days of treatment, blood samples were drawn from the rats, and the SGPT level was measured. Following the sacrifice, the liver tissues were prepared into slides and immunohistochemically stained and the TGF-β1 expression and fibrosis level were examined.Results: The expression of TGF-β1 is significantly higher in the PC and T1 groups than in the NC group (p-value <0.05). Compared with the NC groups, the SGPT level is significantly higher in the PC, T1, and T2 groups with a p-value less than 0.05. The fibrosis scoring in the T2 group is statistically lower than the PC group. (p-value <0.05)Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Garcinia mangostana L peel at a dose of 500 mg/kg of body weight shows a significant difference in the fibrosis score between the treatment group and the positive control group.