Abstract
The Changbai Mountain volcanic region, eastern Songliao Plain, China, is considered a potential target development area for geothermal water exploitation. To assess the feasibility of geothermal development, we applied integrated multicomponent geothermometry (IMG) in the program GeoT to estimate the geothermal reservoir temperatures for four major thermal springs in this area. Numerical optimizations of Al and HCO3- concentrations, dilutions, and steam fractions were conducted to reconstruct the original deep fluid compositions by the IMG method. The results show that the geothermal reservoir temperatures of these springs range from 118 to 172°C in the Changbai Mountain volcanic region. In contrast to classic geothermometers, the IMG method can quantify processes affecting the fluid chemical composition and yield reasonable temperatures. The reservoir temperatures for the Julong and Jinjiang thermal springs are significantly greater than those for the Shibadaogou and Xianrenqiao thermal springs. Moreover, the geothermal deep circulation characteristics of the above springs are also investigated based on reservoir temperature estimates. The methods presented in this study could be applied to other geothermal fields under similar geothermal resource conditions.
Highlights
China has demonstrated the feasibility of improving the local economy and reducing carbon emissions through geothermal energy development
All the classic geothermometers apply to chemical equilibrium between geothermal reservoir fluid and reservoir minerals
Deep fluid construction should be accomplished by the integrated multicomponent geothermometry (IMG) method to estimate the reservoir temperature
Summary
China has demonstrated the feasibility of improving the local economy and reducing carbon emissions through geothermal energy development. The fluid samples in the Geofluids analysis could be collected at the ground surface from exploration wells and hot springs These classic geothermometers have been successfully applied to many geothermal waters (Spycher et al, 2012), such as the Na-K [1, 2], Na-K-Ca [3], silica [4], and K-Mg geothermometers [2]. The Na-K geothermometer is based on the equilibrium between alkali feldspar and geothermal reservoir fluids and is generally assumed to apply in deep reservoir temperature estimation. Yan et al [5] investigated the conceptual genetic model of thermal springs in the Changbai Mountain region and suggested that the deep thermal fluid may be mixed with shallow cool water and react with minerals as it moves upward
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