Abstract
ObjectiveDementia has become a global critical issue. It is estimated that the global cost of dementia was 818 billion USD in 2015. The situation in Japan, which is the most aged country in the world, should be critical. However, the societal cost of dementia in Japan has not yet been estimated. This study was designed to estimate cost of dementia from societal perspective.DesignWe estimated the cost from societal perspective with prevalence based approach.Setting, participants and measuresMain data sources for the parameters to estimate the costs are the National Data Base, a nationwide representative individual-level database for healthcare utilization, the Survey of Long-Term Care Benefit Expenditures, a nationwide survey based on individual-level secondary data for formal long-term care utilization, and the results of an informal care time survey for informal care cost. We conducted the analyses with ‘probabilistic modeling’ using the parameters obtained to estimate the costs of dementia. We also projected future costs.ResultsThe societal costs of dementia in Japan in 2014 were estimated at JPY 14.5 trillion (se 66.0 billion). Of these, the costs for healthcare, long-term care, and informal care are JPY 1.91 trillion (se 4.91 billion), JPY 6.44 trillion (se 63.2 billion), and JPY 6.16 trillion (se 12.5 billion) respectively. The cost per person with dementia appeared to be JPY5.95 million (se 27 thousand). The total costs would reach JPY 24.3 trillion by 2060, which is 1.6 times higher than that in 2014.ConclusionsThe societal cost of dementia in Japan appeared to be considerable. Interventions to mitigate this impact should be considered.
Highlights
Dementia has become a global critical issue, the situation of which could be described as almost ‘under pandemic’
The effects of dementia extend to people’s families and wider society. Both a rapid expansion in the number of people living with dementia and its clinical features contributes to increasing the societal burden
The societal costs of dementia in the US have been estimated to be 157 to 215 billion US dollars in US in 2010 [4], 26 billion pounds in UK in 2013 [5], and 177 billion Euro in whole of Europe and regions according to the classification by United Nations in 2008 [6]
Summary
Dementia has become a global critical issue, the situation of which could be described as almost ‘under pandemic’. The impairment caused by the disease ‘characterized by multiple cognitive defects’ [2] is extensive in wide range, including general intelligence, learning and memory, language, problem solving, orientation, perception, attention and concentration, judgment, and social abilities [3]. Given such clinical features, the effects of dementia extend to people’s families and wider society. The societal costs of dementia in the US have been estimated to be 157 to 215 billion US dollars in US in 2010 [4], 26 billion pounds in UK in 2013 [5], and 177 billion Euro in whole of Europe and regions according to the classification by United Nations in 2008 [6]. These estimates were influential in the development of policies on dementia at the national or regional level [7][8][9]
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