Abstract
The article presents the evaluation of spatial-temporal characteristics of Kazakhstan arid and semi-arid areas' vegetation on the basis of time series of differential and integral vegetation indices. It is observed the negative trend of integral indices for the period of 2000-2015. This fact characterizes the increase of stress influence of weather conditions on vegetation in Kazakhstan territory during last decade. Simultaneously there is a positive trend of areas of zones with low values of IVCI index. Zoning of the territory of Kazakhstan was carried out according to the long-term values of the normalized integral vegetation index, which is characteristic of the accumulated amount of green season biomass. Negative trend is marked for areas of high productivity zones, long-term changes in the areas of low productivity zones have tend to increase. However long-term values of the area of the middle zone are insignificantly changed. Location boundaries of this zone in the latitudinal direction connects with a weather conditions of the year: all wet years, the average area is located between 46°- 49°N, and the all dry years - between 47°30'- 54°N. The map of frequency of droughts was formed by low values of the integral vegetation condition index which calculated from satellite data.
Highlights
Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country located on the border of Europe and Asia
It is known that the last decade for the territory of Kazakhstan is characterized by a some increase of continentality of climate and, as a consequence, an increase of situations with adverse and extreme weather events, among which the most dangerous is the drought (The III-VI National Communication, 2013)
Zoning of the territory of Kazakhstan was carried out according to the values of the integral of the normalized integral vegetation index Integral Vegetation Index (IVI), which were calculated on the basis of satellite data for the period 2000-2015
Summary
Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country located on the border of Europe and Asia. Kazakhstan Republic occupies large area – 2,7 mln.km. The most part of this area is located in arid and semi-arid zones and is used as pastures For these zones current is desertification problem which connected as climate changes as increased anthropogenic impact. Satellite observing system does not have these disadvantages, enabling regular monitoring of ground surface in different parts of the spectrum and for large areas, often located in sparsely populated, inaccessible places. Satellite data are generally accepted, objective and reliable source of information for a wide range of investigations and vegetation monitoring. Since 2000 space monitoring of republic area is implemented in order to register vegetation condition changes and desertification zones detection in Kazakhstan. To create effective identification method of desertification areas it is necessary to distinguish seasonal changes which was caused weather conditions variations from sustainable vegetation degradation in long lasting period
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