The esophageal pull-down technique improves the outcome of laparoscopic Heller-Dor myotomy in end-stage achalasia

Abstract

The treatment of patients with end-stage achalasia with a sigmoid-shaped esophagus is particularly challenging. A modified technique (pull-down technique) has been developed to straighten the esophageal axis, but only a limited number of studies on this topic are available in the literature. This study aimed to compare the outcome of patients who underwent the pull-down technique with that of patients who had a classical laparoscopic Heller-Dor (CLHD) myotomy. All patients with a radiologic diagnosis of end-stage achalasia who underwent an LHD myotomy between 1995 and 2022 were considered eligible for the study. All patients underwent symptom score, barium swallow, endoscopy, and manometry tests before and after the procedure was performed. Treatment failure was defined as the persistence or reoccurrence of an Eckardt score (ES) of >3 or the need for retreatment. Of the 94 patients who were diagnosed with end-stage achalasia (male-to-female ratio of 52:42), 60 were treated with CLHD myotomy, and 34 were treated with the pull-down technique. Of note, 2 patients (2.1%), both belonging to the CLHD myotomy group, developed a squamous cell carcinoma during the follow-up. The overall success of LHD myotomy was seen in 76 of 92 patients (82.6%). All patients in both groups achieved a lower ES after surgery. The failure rates were 27.6% (16/58) in the CLHD myotomy group and 5.9% (2/34) in the pull-down technique group (P<.01). Our findings confirm that LHD myotomy is an effective treatment of end-stage achalasia and that the pull-down technique further improves the outcome in patients with end-stage achalasia who are difficult to treat.