Abstract
In this examination, we investigated the effect of lipoic acid (LA) on the properties of biological membrane models (monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes) formed from phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylserine (PS) using the Langmuir, microelectrophoresis, and interfacial tension methods. The Langmuir technique allowed us to calculate the π–A isotherms and determine the molecular surface areas of pure and mixed monolayers. Using mathematical equations, we established that LA and the lipids formed complexes at a 1:1 ratio. The interfacial tension method was based on Young and Laplace’s equation. We assumed the formation of a 1:1 complex in the PC–LA system. Using the mathematical relationships, we derived the parameters characterizing the resulting complex, i.e., the surface occupied by the complex and the interfacial tension and stability constant of the formed complex. The microelectrophoretic method was used to determine the dependence of the zeta potential of the lipid membranes as a function of the pH (pH 2 to 10) of the electrolyte solution. The results indicate that modification of PC or PS membranes with LA affects changes in the zeta potential and the isoelectric point values.
Highlights
Biological membranes determine the existence of every living cell
The presented data relate to the physicochemical and electrical properties of phospholipids modified with lipoic acid, indicating interactions between the components of the surrounding solution and between the membrane components
The good agreement between the experimental points and theoretical ones indicates that the theoretical models proposed by us (Sections 2.1 and 2.3) can sufficiently describe the interactions in PC–lipoic acid and PS–lipoic acid membranes
Summary
Biological membranes determine the existence of every living cell. They protect their interior contents against the influence of external factors while defining their shape. Due to their complex properties and seemingly simple construction, these membranes are a mystery to many scientists. Despite the development of this branch of science, work with natural cell membranes continues to create problems, so research involving model systems is being carried out. Changes in the understanding of membrane structure have occurred thanks to the use of several modern physical research techniques, including labeling atoms, electron microscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fluorescent probes, and X-ray imaging [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
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