Abstract
A large class of ideal fluids satisfies the equation pv=gU, where U is the internal energy and g is a characteristic constant of the system. The 'ideal quantum gases' are here defined thermodynamically by this equation. These systems then include weakly interacting fermions or bosons either in the non-relativistic or in the extreme relativistic limit. The relationship between different ideal quantum gases can be shown in a diagram with horizontal coordinate g. It is desirable to represent the classical ideal gas, which is here defined thermodynamically by pv=NkT, 'orthogonally' by a horizontal line and this is achieved by the choice of the coordinate y=(1-1/ gamma ) (1+1/x), where gamma is Cp/Cv. The ideal classical gas has then states which lie on y=1. Such a diagram has the additional remarkable property that important simple systems have states represented by one single point. The theory of this diagram and the associated equations of state are analysed in detail.
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