Abstract
In the modern era, the global burden of childhood chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) remains poorly captured by the literature. What is clear, however, is that CSLD is essentially a disease of poverty. Disadvantaged children from indigenous and low- and middle-income populations had a substantially higher burden of CSLD, generally infectious in etiology and of a more severe nature, than children in high-income countries. A universal issue was the delay in diagnosis and the inconsistent reporting of clinical features. Importantly, infection-related CSLD is largely preventable. A considerable research and clinical effort is needed to identify modifiable risk factors and socioeconomic determinants of CSLD and provide robust evidence to guide optimal prevention and management strategies. The purpose of this review was to update the international literature on the epidemiology, etiology, and clinical features of pediatric CSLD.
Highlights
Bronchiectasis, a chronic progressive disease of the airways, remains one of the most neglected diseases in respiratory health [1]
A substantial burden of chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) persists among socially disadvantaged populations of high-income countries (e.g., Alaskan, Australian, Canadian, Maori, and Pacific Islander children) [8, 16,17,18,19,20] with the extent of pediatric CSLD in low- and middle-income countries largely
We provide an update on the epidemiology, etiology, and clinical features of pediatric CSLD not associated with cystic fibrosis
Summary
Bronchiectasis, a chronic progressive disease of the airways, remains one of the most neglected diseases in respiratory health [1]. It is characterized by abnormal dilatation of the bronchi caused by protracted inflammation [2] and by chronic productive or wet cough [3]. A definitive diagnosis of bronchiectasis requires a chest high resolution computer tomography (cHRCT) [4], with cases otherwise referred to as having chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) [5]. Recurrent acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) during early childhood, a crucial time for lung growth and development, are arguably the common etiology for CSLD, among socially disadvantaged children [8, 9]. A substantial burden of CSLD persists among socially disadvantaged populations of high-income countries (e.g., Alaskan, Australian, Canadian, Maori, and Pacific Islander children) [8, 16,17,18,19,20] with the extent of pediatric CSLD in low- and middle-income countries largely
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