Abstract
Previous studies indicate a high burden of diarrhoeal disease in Vietnamese children, however longitudinal community-based data on burden and aetiology are limited. The findings from a large, prospective cohort study of diarrhoeal disease in infants in southern Vietnam are presented herein. Infants were enrolled at birth in urban Ho Chi Minh City and a semi-rural district in southern Vietnam, and followed for 12 months (n=6706). Diarrhoeal illness episodes were identified through clinic-based passive surveillance, hospital admissions, and self-reports. The minimum incidence of diarrhoeal illness in the first year of life was 271/1000 infant-years of observation for the whole cohort. Rotavirus was the most commonly detected pathogen (50% of positive samples), followed by norovirus (24%), Campylobacter (20%), Salmonella (18%), and Shigella (16%). Repeat infections were identified in 9% of infants infected with rotavirus, norovirus, Shigella, or Campylobacter, and 13% of those with Salmonella infections. The minimum incidence of diarrhoeal disease in infants in both urban and semi-rural settings in southern Vietnam was quantified prospectively. A large proportion of laboratory-diagnosed disease was caused by rotavirus and norovirus. These data highlight the unmet need for a rotavirus vaccine in Vietnam and provide evidence of the previously unrecognized burden of norovirus in infants.
Highlights
Diarrhoea remains a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality amongst children globally.[1,2] In a study in rural centralKatherine L
From July 2009 to December 2013, a total of 6706 infants were enrolled in the birth cohort from 6679 mothers (27 sets of twins)
In Dong Thap, there were 2458 infants enrolled with 2199.4 Infantyears of observation (IYO), and in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) there were 4248 infants enrolled with 4040 IYO
Summary
Diarrhoea remains a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality amongst children globally.[1,2] In a study in rural centralKatherine L. Risk factors for diarrhoea in Vietnam include, as in many settings, male gender, age less than 2 years, and poor socioeconomic indicators such as household crowding and poor hygiene habits.[4,5] There are no equivalent population-based estimates of diarrhoea in southern tropical Vietnam, where approximately 40% of the country’s population live
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