Abstract
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency virus) causes (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) AIDS, in which the immune system of body totally fails to develop any defense against the foreign invaders. Infection with HIV occurs by transfer of blood, semen, and breast milk. HIV/AIDS is a global problem and it results nearly 25 million deaths worldwide. Developing countries like Pakistan have issues regarding Public Health. Currently, epidemic of HIV/AIDS is established in Pakistan and there is a threat of an expanded HIV/AIDS outbreak in the country. The major reason is that population is engaging in high-risk practices, low awareness about HIV/AIDS, and treacherous blood transfusion practices. A supplementary threat to Pakistan is India because both sharing a border and India is facing a rapidly growing HIV/AIDS epidemic. Local NGOs, National and International organizations are warning that in near future Pakistan may experiences bad situation regarding HIV/AIDS.In the present article we focused current situation of surveillance of HIV/AIDS, its virology, genotype, diagnostics, high-risk groups, reasons of vulnerability in Pakistani population, and the role of different national and international organizations in this situation.
Highlights
Human Immunodeficieny Virus (HIV) belongs to Lentivirus, which are known as “slow virus”
The development from HIV to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is checked by the rapid decline of CD4+ cells [3]
The centers should be assigned with the tasks to register the HIV victims in their respective districts. These centers must collaborate with research institutes so that, the constructive work should embark on with reference to Pakistan. This is the common thought in the minds of Pakistani people that as an Islamic Republic, Pakistan is protected from HIV/AIDS
Summary
The name indicates there mode of action as they enters into body and remain in it for longer period of time. They have unique property of being inserting the information into the DNA of host cell and have the ability to replicate in non-dividing cells. HIV uses CD4+ cells as host to make copies and infect other cells. This leads to the reduction of CD4+ cells in body and immune system totally collapse [3]. The development from HIV to AIDS is checked by the rapid decline of CD4+ cells [3]
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