The Environmental and Economic Impacts of Shrimp Production in Ecuador End Esmeraldas

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this work is to demonstrate how the intensive exploitation of the mangrove ecosystem through extensive shrimp farming for export has destroyed the livelihoods of the communities that are its historical users. Theoretical Framework: This section presents the main concepts and theories supporting the research. Shrimp farming production in Ecuador and its impacts are highlighted, providing a solid foundation for understanding the research context. Method: The methodology used in the development of the research consisted of the review of secondary information (statistics) and fieldwork in the communities. Results and Discussion: The most important results obtained are: a) shrimp farming is the third and sometimes the second largest foreign exchange earner for the country, b) this activity has had a severe impact on the ecosystem. From 1960 to 1999, its surface area decreased from 206,009.30 to 149,974 hectares. In Esmeraldas, it was reduced by 84.5% of its surface area, and 90% of the companies that were established did so illegally. The most important conclusion of the study is that the destruction of the mangrove ecosystem has deepened poverty due to Unmet Basic Needs in the communities, reaching 99.3% in Eloy Alfaro, 97.6% in Muisne, and 93.5% in San Lorenzo. Furthermore, the destruction of the mangrove ecosystem puts riparian communities at severe risk of flooding, especially now that we are approaching an El Niño climatic phenomenon. Implications of the Research: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing information on how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of economic and environmental impacts of shrimp production. These implications could encompass the communities or regions where shrimp are produced. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by determining the damage to the ecosystem caused by this economic activity. The relevance and value of this research are evident in explaining how the results can impact the area of study or professional practice.