Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the phenomenon of immigrant entrepreneurship. Despite the growing number of studies, the financing aspect of immigrant entrepreneurship is still an emergent subject. In this paper, we critically and systematically review the field of the entrepreneurial financing of immigrant entrepreneurs. For this purpose, we conduct a two-step analysis of 37 systematically selected articles. In the first step, we provide an overall description of the field, while in the second step we perform a SWOT analysis on different aspects of the field, including the units of analysis, the main questions, and the use of theories and methods in the field. The review identifies gaps and weaknesses in the field, suggests potential opportunities for future research, and highlights some threats that could impede the implementation of future opportunities. Finally, the review suggests further questions to be explored for future advancement of knowledge in the field.
Highlights
The past two decades have witnessed an extraordinary increase in global migration flows
Concerning the term “immigrant entrepreneurs” (IEs), we found some attempts to adopt specific references to or definitions of what is meant by the term “immigrants.” The review shows frequent use of three main terms to refer to the IEs, namely “ethnic minority,” based on the differences in the cultural identity and referring to the IEs as ethnic minority entrepreneurs (e.g., Basu 1998; Bengtsson and Hsu 2015; see more in Table 5); “foreign-born residents,” using the differences in the geographical nationality of birth to demonstrate the foreignness of the IEs and to distinguish them from native entrepreneurs
Despite the urgency of issues related to growing migration flows and the increasing number of studies discussing IEs, the knowledge of the immigrants’ entrepreneurial financing remains rather blurred and incomplete
Summary
The past two decades have witnessed an extraordinary increase in global migration flows. The proportion of the population born in a different country is above 10% in France and the UK, above 15% in Germany and the USA, and above 20% in Canada and Australia (Borjas 2014; Peri 2016; Rapoport and Toubal 2019). The economic implications of this phenomenon are attracting the attention of policymakers and scholars from different disciplines. Recent studies have highlighted that immigrants’ entrepreneurship is an important factor affecting growth and development in the host countries P. Kerr et al 2015; Rodríguez-Pose and Von Berlepsch 2014)
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