Abstract
Background and Aim:The production of male calf beef cattle is an agricultural innovation needed to increase the farm’s productivity as a provider of meat sources. This study aimed to determine the sex ratio of the offspring of cows inseminated with Y-bearing sperm enriched by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and swim-up, combined with delayed fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI).Materials and Methods:Ejaculates of Simmental bulls were divided into four equal portions and grouped as T0 (control, non-sexed semen), T1 and T2 were sexed semen using Percoll density gradient centrifugation three and five levels, respectively, and T3 was sexed semen using swim-up. After the sex was sorted, the semen was diluted in a tris-egg yolk extender, packaged in French mini-straws containing 50 million live sperm cells, and frozen. Pre-sexed, post-sexed, and post-thawed spermatozoa were evaluated based on progressive motility, viability, intact plasma membrane, and abnormality. The post-thawed semen of T0 was artificially inseminated to recipient cows at 12 h after onset of estrus (not delayed FTAI). Meanwhile, the delayed FTAI was conducted 18-20 h after onset of estrus using the T0, the best of T1 and T2, and the T3 post-thawed semen.Results:The Percoll density gradient centrifugation reduced motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane but increased sperm abnormalities. Meanwhile, the swim-up process increased motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane of sperm cells but decreased sperm abnormalities. Post-thawed semen decreased motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane of sperm cells but increased sperm abnormalities. The sex ratio of the Simmental crossbred offspring was 96.08% and 100% in T1 and T3, respectively, compared to 48.25% and 67.39% in T0 not delayed and delayed FTAI, respectively.Conclusion:The Percoll density gradient centrifugation and swim-up methods are prospective for obtaining male offspring.
Highlights
Sex manipulation technologies allow predeter‐ mination of the offspring’s gender to harvest male calf offspring for increased productivity of farm as the provider of meat source
The Percoll density gradient centrifugation and swim‐up methods are prospective for obtaining male offspring
The processing for sexing and freezing of spermatozoa was conducted in the Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center (SNAIC), Malang District, East Java, Indonesia
Summary
Sex manipulation technologies allow predeter‐ mination of the offspring’s gender to harvest male calf offspring for increased productivity of farm as the provider of meat source. Sperm separating technol‐ ogies in sex manipulation can be conducted through Percoll density gradient centrifugation or the swim‐up method [1]. The Percoll density gradient centrifuga‐ tion is based on differences in X‐ and Y‐sperm DNA content, allowing for cell separation. This study aimed to determine the sex ratio of the offspring of cows inseminated with Y‐bearing sperm enriched by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and swim‐up, combined with delayed fixed‐time artificial insemination (FTAI)
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