The enhancement of quantum key distribution protocol to increase communication security between two parties

Abstract

In this research, a new technique based on quantum key distribution (QKD) is described to lower the likelihood that eavesdroppers can intercept two-party communications without being detected by the sender and the recipient. The central idea is to enhance BB84 by increasing two quantum gates, Pauli-X gate and Pauli-Z gate, on both the sender and receiver sides to change the direction of each quantum state. This signifies that three control parameters must be specified to control three gates on both sides, excluding the control parameter for the quantum gate that generates a random bit on the sender side. In fact, the possibility that eavesdroppers may discreetly capture the information is 0.5 for nearly all methods. However, the probability of information captured by an eavesdropper decreases to 0.25 when all conceivable cases from Tables 1 through 7 are considered. Therefore, the proposed technique for exchanging the secret key is more secure and should be chosen for the implementation.