The English Disease

Abstract

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Introduction</h3> Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) are powerful summaries of genetic risk alleles that can potentially be used to predict disease outcomes and guide treatment decisions. Hispanics/Latinos suffer from higher rates of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) compared to non-Hispanic Whites, yet the strongest known genetic risk factor for AD, <i>APOE</i>-<i>ϵ</i>4 allele, has weak association with AD in Hispanics/Latinos. We evaluated PRS constructed based on Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of AD in predicting MCI in Hispanics/Latinos when accounting for <i>APOE</i> alleles and variants. <h3>Methods</h3> We used summary statistics from four GWAS of AD to construct PRS that predict MCI in 4,189 diverse Hispanics/Latinos (mean age 63 years, 47% males) from the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging. We assessed the PRS associations with MCI in the combined set of people and in groups defined by genetic ancestry and Hispanic/Latino background, and when including and excluding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the <i>APOE</i> gene region. <h3>Results</h3> A PRS constructed based on GWAS of AD in the FINNGEN Biobank was associated with MCI (OR = 1.34, 95% CI [1.15, 1.55]), and its association was mostly driven by 158 <i>APOE</i> region SNPs. A PRS constructed based on a multi-ethnic AD GWAS was associated with MCI (OR=1.22, 95% CI [1.08, 1.37]) without including any <i>APOE</i> region SNPs. <i>APOE</i>-<i>ϵ</i>4 and <i>APOE</i>-<i>ϵ</i>2 alleles were not associated with MCI. <h3>Discussion</h3> A combination of <i>APOE</i> region SNPs is associated with MCI in Hispanics/Latinos despite <i>APOE</i>-<i>ϵ</i>4 and <i>APOE</i>-<i>ϵ</i>2 alleles not being associated with MCI.