Abstract
Enforced extension of renewable power will be required to achieve the targeted CO2 reduction. Hereby, it will be essential to shift renewable electricity to the mobility and industry sector. The transportation sector exhibits the highest need for action. Here the concept of the future will be electric. The main challenge will be the poor energy density of batteries compared to oil-based fuels. Trends and solutions for transportation via road, rail, sea and air are discussed in the paper.
Highlights
Summary. — Enforced extension of renewable power will be required to achieve the targeted CO2 reduction
The transportation sector exhibits the highest need for action
The main challenge will be the poor energy density of batteries compared to oil-based fuels
Summary
Fig. 3. – Principle of energy storage: hydrogen options vs. conventional battery storage. Hydrogen is a very important raw material for chemical industry. It is essential for fertilizer production, in refineries, steel production and many other branches. Main production route is via steam reforming of natural gas or coal with a corresponding CO2 footprint. – production costs are competitive to steam reforming when electricity costs are low. These three arguments are essential preconditions to push forward the energy transition. Per kWh. As a consequence, production costs of green hydrogen would be fully competitive with the CO2-loaded steam reforming process and will not require additional legal framework for regulation – Production costs of hydrogen based on parameter relevant for the Gulf-region Fig. 5. – Production costs of hydrogen based on parameter relevant for the Gulf-region
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